/** * Date Functions * * @package EDD * @subpackage Functions * @copyright Copyright (c) 2018, Easy Digital Downloads, LLC * @license http://opensource.org/licenses/gpl-2.0.php GNU Public License * @since 3.0 */ /** * Retrieves a localized, formatted date based on the WP timezone rather than UTC. * * @since 3.0 * * @param int $timestamp Timestamp. Can either be based on UTC or WP settings. * @param string $format Optional. Accepts shorthand 'date', 'time', or 'datetime' * date formats, as well as any valid date_format() string. * Default 'date' represents the value of the 'date_format' option. * @return string The formatted date, translated if locale specifies it. */ function edd_date_i18n( $timestamp, $format = 'date' ) { $format = edd_get_date_format( $format ); // If timestamp is a string, attempt to turn it into a timestamp. if ( ! is_numeric( $timestamp ) ) { $timestamp = strtotime( $timestamp ); } // We need to get the timezone offset so we can pass that to date_i18n. $date = EDD()->utils->date( 'now', edd_get_timezone_id(), false ); return date_i18n( $format, (int) $timestamp + $date->getOffset() ); } /** * Retrieve timezone ID * * @since 1.6 * @return string $timezone The timezone ID */ function edd_get_timezone_id() { return EDD()->utils->get_time_zone( true ); } /** * Accept an EDD date object and get the UTC equivalent version of it. * The EDD date object passed-in can be in any timezone. The one you'll get back will be the UTC equivalent of that time. * This is useful when querying data from the tables by a user-defined date range, like "today". * * @since 3.0 * @param EDD\Utils\Date $edd_date_object The EDD Date object for which you wish to get the UTC equiavalent. * @return EDD\Utils\Date The EDD date object set at the UTC equivalent time. */ function edd_get_utc_equivalent_date( $edd_date_object ) { $instance_check = 'EDD\Utils\Date'; if ( ! $edd_date_object instanceof $instance_check ) { return false; } // Convert the timezone (and thus, also the time) from the WP/EDD Timezone to the UTC equivalent. $utc_timezone = new DateTimeZone( 'utc' ); $edd_date_object->setTimezone( $utc_timezone ); return $edd_date_object; } /** * Accept an EDD date object set in UTC, and get the WP/EDD Timezone equivalent version of it. * The EDD date object must be in UTC. The one you'll get back will be the WP timezone equivalent of that time. * This is useful when showing date information to the user, so that they see it in the proper timezone, instead of UTC. * * @since 3.0 * @param EDD\Utils\Date $edd_date_object The EDD Date object for which you wish to get the UTC equiavalent. * @return EDD\Utils\Date The EDD date object set at the UTC equivalent time. */ function edd_get_edd_timezone_equivalent_date_from_utc( $edd_date_object ) { $instance_check = 'EDD\Utils\Date'; if ( ! $edd_date_object instanceof $instance_check ) { return false; } // If you passed a date object to this function that isn't set to UTC, that is incorrect usage. if ( 'UTC' !== $edd_date_object->format( 'T' ) ) { return false; } // Convert the timezone (and thus, also the time) from UTC to the WP/EDD Timezone. $edd_timezone = new DateTimeZone( edd_get_timezone_id() ); $edd_date_object->setTimezone( $edd_timezone ); return $edd_date_object; } /** * Get the timezone abbreviation for the WordPress timezone setting. * * @since 3.0 * * @return string The abreviation for the current WordPress timezone setting. */ function edd_get_timezone_abbr() { $edd_timezone = edd_get_timezone_id(); $edd_date_object = EDD()->utils->date( 'now', $edd_timezone, true ); return $edd_date_object->format( 'T' ); } /** * Retrieves a date format string based on a given short-hand format. * * @since 3.0 * * @see \EDD_Utilities::get_date_format_string() * * @param string $format Shorthand date format string. Accepts 'date', 'time', 'mysql', or * 'datetime'. If none of the accepted values, the original value will * simply be returned. Default 'date' represents the value of the * 'date_format' option. * * @return string date_format()-compatible date format string. */ function edd_get_date_format( $format = 'date' ) { return EDD()->utils->get_date_format_string( $format ); } /** * Get the format used by jQuery UI Datepickers. * * Use this if you need to use placeholder or format attributes in input fields. * * This is a bit different than `edd_get_date_format()` because these formats * are exposed to users as hints and also used by jQuery UI so the Datepicker * knows what format it returns into it's connected input value. * * Previous to this function existing, all values were hard-coded, causing some * inconsistencies across admin-area screens. * * @see https://github.com/easydigitaldownloads/easy-digital-downloads/commit/e9855762892b6eec578b0a402f7950f22bd19632 * * @since 3.0 * * @param string $context The context we are getting the format for. Accepts 'display' or 'js'. * Use 'js' for use with jQuery UI Datepicker. Use 'display' for HTML attributes. * @return string */ function edd_get_date_picker_format( $context = 'display' ) { // What is the context that we are getting the picker format for? switch ( $context ) { // jQuery UI Datepicker does its own thing case 'js' : case 'javascript' : $retval = EDD()->utils->get_date_format_string( 'date-js' ); break; // Used to display in an attribute, placeholder, etc... case 'display' : default : $retval = EDD()->utils->get_date_format_string( 'date-attribute' ); break; } /** * Filter the date picker format, allowing for custom overrides * * @since 3.0 * * @param string $retval Date format for date picker * @param string $context The context this format is for */ return apply_filters( 'edd_get_date_picker_format', $retval, $context ); } /** * Return an array of values used to populate an hour dropdown * * @since 3.0 * * @return array */ function edd_get_hour_values() { return (array) apply_filters( 'edd_get_hour_values', array( '00' => '00', '01' => '01', '02' => '02', '03' => '03', '04' => '04', '05' => '05', '06' => '06', '07' => '07', '08' => '08', '09' => '09', '10' => '10', '11' => '11', '12' => '12', '13' => '13', '14' => '14', '15' => '15', '16' => '16', '17' => '17', '18' => '18', '19' => '19', '20' => '20', '21' => '21', '22' => '22', '23' => '23', '24' => '24' ) ); } /** * Return an array of values used to populate a minute dropdown * * @since 3.0 * * @return array */ function edd_get_minute_values() { return (array) apply_filters( 'edd_get_minute_values', array( '00' => '00', '01' => '01', '02' => '02', '03' => '03', '04' => '04', '05' => '05', '06' => '06', '07' => '07', '08' => '08', '09' => '09', '10' => '10', '11' => '11', '12' => '12', '13' => '13', '14' => '14', '15' => '15', '16' => '16', '17' => '17', '18' => '18', '19' => '19', '20' => '20', '21' => '21', '22' => '22', '23' => '23', '24' => '24', '25' => '25', '26' => '26', '27' => '27', '28' => '28', '29' => '29', '30' => '30', '31' => '31', '32' => '32', '33' => '33', '34' => '34', '35' => '35', '36' => '36', '37' => '37', '38' => '38', '39' => '39', '40' => '40', '41' => '41', '42' => '42', '43' => '43', '44' => '44', '45' => '45', '46' => '46', '47' => '47', '48' => '48', '49' => '49', '50' => '50', '51' => '51', '52' => '52', '53' => '53', '54' => '54', '55' => '55', '56' => '56', '57' => '57', '58' => '58', '59' => '59' ) ); } Study Finds Toxic Heavy Metals in 90 Percent of Joint Rolling Products – HigherGround420
Health and Wellness News

Study Finds Toxic Heavy Metals in 90 Percent of Joint Rolling Products

5 years ago
Shelley M. White
No Comments
Click to enlarge
Joint Rolling papers and related products may contain heavy metals that are harmful to your health, such as mercury, lead, arsenic or cadmium. Image by Haley Zaka/ Unsplash (click to enlarge)

A recent study by SCLabs discovered that 90% of joint rolling products or papers contain at least one of the following toxic heavy metals: mercury, lead, cadmium or arsenic. Out of the 90% of papers which tested positive for heavy metals, 8% contained at least one of the four aforementioned heavy metals in highly concentrated amounts that surpassed the legal limit for inhalant toxins in cannabis products in the state of California.(1) Awareness of the findings of this study are of notable importance to both retailers and consumers of joint rolling products, due to the health risks of ingesting these heavy metals.(2)

SC Labs tested 118 joint rolling products total, which were purchased online from Amazon or from a smoke shop in the Santa Cruz area the first week of July 2020. To conduct the study, researchers categorized the products into one of four categories — standard joint rolling papers, cone papers, cellulose papers, and hemp or blunt wraps.(4)

Tests analyzed products for the toxic heavy metals cadmium, lead, arsenic and mercury. The tests were conducted according to the guidelines set forth by the California Bureau of Cannabis Control, and were within the scope of accreditation of SC Labs — through PJLA, to the ISO-17025:2017 standard.(3)

Results showed 90% of papers contained at least one of the four toxic heavy metals, with 8% having heavily concentrated amounts of one or more of the metals in amounts exceeding California’s allowable amount of toxins in inhalant cannabis products.(1) Lead was by far the most commonly detected heavy metal in the joint rolling products.(4)

References:

  1. BCC (2018). Required Testing Chart. California Bureau of Cannabis Control. https://www.bcc.ca.gov/about_us/documents/17-261_required_testing_chart.pdf
  2. Jaishankar, M., Tseten, T., Anbalagan, N., Mathew, B. B., & Beeregowda, K. N. (2014). Toxicity, mechanism and health effects of some heavy metals, Interdisciplinary Toxicology, 7(2), 60-72. doi: https://doi.org/10.2478/intox-2014-0009
  3. California BCC. (2018, December 10). Bureau of Cannabis Control – Testing Requirements for Cannabis Goods Reminder | Cannabis. CA.Gov. https://cannabis.ca.gov/2018/12/10/30056/
  4. SC Labs. (2020). Rolling Papers Tested for Heavy Metals and Pesticides. Sclabs. https://www.sclabs.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/SC-Labs-Report_Rolling_Papers_MKT00308.pdf

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